Baroque art: halaye, wakilai da kuma gado

  • Baroque yana da alaƙa da dynamism, amfani da chiaroscuro da wakilcin motsin rai.
  • Manyan masu magana sun haɗa da Bernini, Caravaggio da Velázquez.
  • Baroque kuma ya bar gado a cikin kiɗa tare da adadi kamar Vivaldi da Bach.

baroque fasaha

El baroque fasaha An san shi don jin daɗi, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma iya haifar da motsin rai mai ƙarfi. Yana fitowa a ƙarshen karni na 16 don mayar da martani ga Renaissance, Baroque wani salo ne wanda ke da alaƙa da rikitarwa na siffofinsa, yin amfani da bambanci tsakanin haske da inuwa da kuma wakilcin wuce gona da iri da motsi.

Wannan salon ba kawai yana bayyana a cikin zane-zane ba, har ma a cikin sassaka, gine-gine da kiɗa, wanda ya shafi tarihin tarihi wanda ya wuce har zuwa farkon karni na 18. Baroque ya kasance, a babban ɓangare, mayar da martani ga rikice-rikice na addini na lokacin, irin su Counter-Reformation, da kuma buƙatar Cocin Katolika don isar da kwarewa ta ruhaniya mai tsanani.

Halayen fasahar baroque

abubuwan fasaha na baroque

An bambanta Baroque da jerin halaye waɗanda ke sa shi na musamman idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyoyin da suka gabata kamar Renaissance ko Mannerism. Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke tattare da shi sune:

  • Dynamism da tashin hankali: Jin motsi da makamashi shine tsakiyar fasahar Baroque. A cikin zane-zane, alal misali, abubuwan da aka tsara na asymmetrical da kuma amfani da diagonal suna haifar da jin daɗin makamashi mara ƙarfi.
  • Chiaroscuro: Yin amfani da chiaroscuro, dabarar da ke wasa tare da bambancin haske da inuwa, yana da mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan baroque. Wannan na'ura mai ban mamaki yana ƙara haƙiƙanin gaskiya kuma yana mai da hankali kan wasu wurare na abun da ke ciki.
  • Farin ciki na ado: A cikin gine-gine da sassaka, Baroque yana da halin wuce gona da iri da kayan ado, tare da abubuwa irin su ginshiƙan Solomonic da facade na facade.
  • Wakilin matsananciyar motsin rai: Ayyukan Baroque ba kawai ya so a yi la'akari ba, amma gwaninta. Hankali, na ruhaniya da na duniya, ana nuna su cikin ƙari da ban mamaki.

Chiaroscuro da tenebrism

Chiaroscuro da tenebrism sune fasaha na fasaha na baroque, musamman a cikin zane. Chiaroscuro yana nufin yin amfani da bambancin haske da inuwa don haifar da sakamako mai girma uku da ban mamaki. A nasa bangare, tenebrism, wanda mai zanen Italiya Caravaggio ya shahara, yana ɗaukar wannan albarkatu zuwa matsananci, tare da bambance-bambance masu ƙarfi tsakanin wurare masu haske da duhu, tare da adadi waɗanda ke fitowa daga duhu. An yi amfani da wannan salon sosai don jaddada wasan kwaikwayo a fage na addini da tatsuniya.

Motsi da wasan kwaikwayo

Ma'anar motsi yana da mahimmanci a cikin baroque. Ana samun wannan ba kawai ta hanyar layi-layi da siffofi a cikin gine-gine da sassaka ba, har ma ta hanyar yin amfani da diagonal a cikin zanen, haifar da ma'anar tashin hankali da canji. Wannan wasan kwaikwayo ya jawo hankalin masu kallo, yana haifar da ƙarin ƙwarewa.

Masu fasaha na Baroque sun yi amfani da waɗannan fasahohin don jaddada mafi yawan lokuta masu ban mamaki a cikin al'amuransu, ko na addini ne, tatsuniyoyi ko al'amuran tarihi.

Fitattun wakilai na fasahar baroque

Daga cikin fitattun masu fasaha na Baroque akwai sanannun sunaye irin su Gian Lorenzo Bernini da Caravaggio a Italiya, Peter Paul Rubens a Flanders, da Diego Velázquez a Spain. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan masu fasaha sun ba da gudummawa ta musamman don haɓaka salon Baroque a cikin fannonin su.

Giovanni Battista Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)

Bernini ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu fasaha na Baroque, wanda ya shahara da aikinsa na sassaka da gine-gine. An san shi da ikonsa na sassaka marmara kuma ya sa ya zama yana da laushi mai laushi. Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai Baldachin da kuma Dandalin St. a cikin Vatican, da kuma sanannen sassaka na Ecstasy na Santa Teresa.

Francesco Borromini (1599-1667)

Mai fafatawa kuma na zamani na Bernini, Borromini ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren injiniya ne wanda ya gabatar da siffofi masu haɗari da asali a cikin gine-ginensa. Ayyukansa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane a Roma da Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza. Borromini ya yi amfani da hadaddun siffofi na geometric da wasan kwaikwayo na haske don ƙirƙirar wuraren gine-ginen da suke da alama suna motsawa da canzawa, fasalin da ya kasance irin na Baroque.

Caravaggio (1571-1610)

An san mai zanen Italiya Caravaggio don salon sa na tenebrist, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai ga zanen Baroque. Hotunansa na addini da na tatsuniyoyi, kamar Sana'ar Saint Matiyu y Ishaku sadaukarwa, gabatar da kyakkyawar amfani da chiaroscuro da kuma wakilcin mutane masu cike da gaskiya da kuma jin dadi.

Diego Velázquez (1599-1660)

Velázquez ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu zane-zane na zamanin Golden Age na Mutanen Espanya da na Baroque gabaɗaya. Fitaccen aikin sa Las Meninas misali ne mai mahimmanci na ikon Velázquez don ƙirƙirar ma'anar zurfi da gaskiya ta hanyar amfani da haske da hangen nesa. Mai zanen Sevillian kuma ya yi fice don ƙwarensa na hoto da kuma wakilcin al'amuran yau da kullun tare da sarƙaƙƙiya da dabara.

Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)

Rubens wani mai zanen Flemish ne wanda ayyukansa ke siffantu da kuzarinsu da sha'awa. An san shi don yin amfani da launuka masu haske, sifofi masu ɗorewa, da haɗaɗɗen ƙira. Daga cikin manyan ayyukansa na wakilci akwai Hukuncin Paris y Satar 'ya'yan Leucippus. Salon sa ya yi tasiri sosai ga sauran masu fasaha na zamaninsa da kuma daga baya.

Baroque a cikin kiɗa

Baroque art ba kawai ya bayyana a cikin zane-zane na gani ba, har ma a cikin kiɗa. Mawaka kamar Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach y Georg Friedrich Handel Sun kasance manyan sifofi na baroque na kiɗa. A wannan lokacin, kiɗa yana da alaƙa da bayyanar opera, sonata da concerto grosso, ban da haɓaka tsarin tonal wanda ya kasance mai mahimmanci a ka'idar kiɗan.

Baroque na kiɗa kuma an san shi don amfani da bambanci tsakanin ƙarar sauti da haɓakawa, wanda ya ba ƙagaggun ƙirƙira ma'anar kuzari da motsin rai wanda ya dace daidai da sauran nau'ikan fasahar baroque.

Baroque art a Latin Amurka

Baroque ba kawai ya yi tasiri a Turai ba, har ma ya kai nahiyar Amirka, musamman ma yankunan Spain da Portuguese. A cikin Latin Amurka, Baroque ya haɗu da al'adun 'yan asali, yana ƙirƙirar salo na musamman wanda ya haɗa abubuwa na asali a cikin gine-gine, sassaka, da zane-zane.

Babban misali na baroque a Latin Amurka shine cocin San Francisco a Quito, Ecuador, wanda ya haɗu da abubuwan baroque tare da alamar 'yan asali. Hakanan ana iya ganin wannan salon salon a cikin manyan cathedral na Mexico da Peru, inda abubuwan Turai ke haɗuwa da na gida, suna ƙirƙirar salo na musamman wanda har yanzu yana burge shi tare da ƙirƙira da kyan gani.

A cikin zane-zane, aikin mai zane na Mexican Juan Koriya Alama ce ta yadda aka daidaita ka'idodin baroque na Turai zuwa ga gaskiyar al'adu da zamantakewa na Latin Amurka.

Baroque, saboda haka, ba kawai salon Turai ba ne, amma ya dace da yanayi da al'adu daban-daban na yankunan da ya isa, yana ci gaba da gadonsa na bambancin da sababbin abubuwa.

Aikin Baroque ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba kawai don ikonsa na isar da motsin zuciyarmu ba, har ma da fasaha mara kyau da kuma rikitarwa na abubuwan da ke tattare da shi. Masu fasahar Baroque sun san yadda za su yi amfani da haske, motsi da wasan kwaikwayo, suna haifar da haɗin kai mai zurfi tare da masu kallon su, wani abu da ya kasance mai ban sha'awa har ma a yau.


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