Idan kun taɓa son yin magana da kyau cikin Faransanci, farawa da ainihin maɓalli. Wannan ya hada da babban mahimmancin ƙamus kamar kwanakin mako da watannin shekara. Wannan cikakken jagorar zai taimake ka ka koyi rubutu, furtawa da amfani da waɗannan ra'ayoyin daidai cikin Faransanci. Tare da ƙarfafa bidiyo da motsa jiki masu amfani, da kuma bayanan al'adu waɗanda za su sauƙaƙe fahimta da riƙewa, za ku kasance a kan hanyarku don ƙwararrun wannan ɓangaren harshe.
Kwanaki na mako a Faransanci
Bari mu fara da kwanakin mako a cikin Faransanci, saboda suna da mahimmanci ga sadarwar yau da kullun. Ga yadda ake rubutawa da furta su daidai:
- Litinin - Lundi (/lɛ̃'di/)
- Talata - Mardi (/ma''di/)
- Laraba - Laraba (/mɛʀkʀə'di/)
- Alhamis - Alhamis (/ʒø'di/)
- Juma'a - Jumma'a (/vɑ̃dʀə'di/)
- Asabar - Samedi (/samə'di/)
- Lahadi - Lahadi (/di'mɑ̃ʃ/)
Yana da muhimmanci a tuna hakan A cikin Faransanci, kwanakin mako ba a taɓa yin ƙima ba, sai dai idan sun kasance a farkon jumla. Wannan babban daki-daki ne wanda, ko da yake mai sauƙi, sau da yawa waɗanda ba masu magana ba suna yin watsi da su.
Wani bangare kuma da ya kamata a kiyaye shi ne duk kwanakin mako a Faransanci na maza ne. Don haka, ko da yaushe suna tare da labaran maza, kamar 'le' ko 'un'. Misali zai kasance: Litinin (ran Litinin). Duk da haka, lokacin da kuke magana game da takamaiman rana ba tare da yin la'akari da wani taron gama gari ba, babu buƙatar haɗa labarin. Misali, 'Ina aiki ranar Talata' zai kasance kawai Na yi aiki mardi.
Misalai a cikin mahallin:
- "Cette année, mon anniversaire tombe un samedi!" (A wannan shekara, ranar haihuwata ta faɗi ranar Asabar!)
- "Le mercredi, muna da taro a karfe 10 na safe." (Muna yin taro a ranar Laraba da karfe 10 na safe)
- "Le dimanche est réservé à la famille." (An kebe ranar Lahadi don dangi.)
Asalin kwanakin mako
Kwanakin mako a cikin Faransanci sun samo asali ne daga tatsuniyar Romawa da jikunan sama, kama da yawancin al'adun Yammacin Turai. Waɗannan asalin suna taimaka mana mu fahimci sunan kwanakin a cikin Faransanci:
- Lundi (Litinin) - An samo shi daga Latin "Lunae", wanda ke nufin ranar wata.
- Mardi (Talata) - Ya fito daga allahn yaki, Mars. Kama da Mutanen Espanya.
- Laraba (Laraba) - Yana nufin Mercury, manzon allah.
- Alhamis (Alhamis) - Mai suna Jupiter, allahn sama.
- Jumma'a (Jumma'a) - Ya fito ne daga Venus, allahn ƙauna.
- Samedi (Asabar) - An samo shi daga Asabar, daga Ibrananci 'Shabbat'.
- Lahadi (Lahadi) - Kasancewar ranar da aka keɓe ga 'Dominus', ko Ubangiji, tana nufin ranar hutu ta Kirista.
Yadda ake amfani da kwanakin mako a cikin Faransanci
Daidai amfani da kwanakin mako a cikin Faransanci ya ƙunshi sanin wasu ƙa'idodi na asali:
- Don nuna takamaiman rana, zaku iya amfani da sunan ranar kawai: Da fatan za a yi (Zan gan ku ranar Asabar).
- Idan kana nufin abin da aka maimaita, yi amfani da labarin 'le' a gaban ranar: Je fais du yoga le mardi (Ina yin yoga a ranar Talata).
- Don jam'i, ƙara 's': Les samedis sont zuba la détente (Asabar don shakatawa ne).
Waɗannan ƙa'idodin za su taimake ku samar da ƙarin madaidaicin jimloli na halitta.
Watanni na shekara a cikin Faransanci
Ilimin watannin shekara yana da mahimmanci wajen koyon kowane harshe, musamman idan ana magana akan muhimman ranaku. A cikin Faransanci, ana rubuta watanni da ƙananan haruffa, sai dai lokacin da suka fara jumla:
- Janairu - Janairu (/ʒɑ̃vje/)
- Fabrairu - Fabrairu (/fevʀije/)
- Maris - Maris (/ma's/)
- Abril - Afrilu (/avʀil/)
- Mayu - Mayu (/mɛ/)
- Yuni - Yuni (/ʒɥɛ̃/)
- Yuli - Yuli (/ ʒɥijɛ/)
- Agusta - Agusta (/u(t)/)
- Satumba - Satumba (/sɛptɑ̃bʀ/)
- Oktoba - Oktoba (/ɔktɔbʀ/)
- Nuwamba - Nuwamba (/nɔvɑ̃bʀ/)
- Disamba - Disamba (/desɑ̃bʀ/)
Kamar yadda a cikin Mutanen Espanya, yawancin watanni ana furta su iri ɗaya, don haka bai kamata su kasance da wuyar koyo ba. Tukwici mai amfani shine lura da bambance-bambancen sauti a kowane, kamar wasu wasulan hanci waɗanda babu su cikin Mutanen Espanya.
Misalai a cikin mahallin:
- "Anniversaire est en Satumba." (Maulidi na a watan Satumba ne.)
- "Nous reviendrons en avril pour les vacances." (Za mu dawo a watan Afrilu don hutu.)
- "Shin yana cikin decembre?" (An haife ku a watan Disamba?)
Lafazin watanni a Faransanci
Yana da mahimmanci a yi aiki akan lafazin watanni a Faransanci, tunda wasu sautunan na iya zama da wahala ga masu magana da Mutanen Espanya. A ƙasa, muna da tebur tare da furucin sauti:
| Mes | Sanarwa |
|---|---|
| Janairu | /ʒɑ̃vje/ |
| Fabrairu | /fevʀije/ |
| Maris | /ma's/ |
| Afrilu | /sa'il/ |
| Mayu | /mɛ/ |
| Yuni | /ʒɥɛ̃/ |
| Yuli | /ʒɥijɛ/ |
| Agusta | /u(t)/ |
| Satumba | /sɛptɑ̃bʀ/ |
| Oktoba | /ɔktɔbʀ/ |
| Nuwamba | /nɔvɑ̃bʀ/ |
| Disamba | /desɑ̃bʀ/ |
Ka tuna cewa watanni da yawa a cikin Faransanci sun ƙunshi sautunan hanci ('an', 'en') waɗanda ke buƙatar aiwatar da su don sauti daidai.
Seasons na shekara a cikin Faransanci
Hakanan lokutan shekara suna da matukar mahimmanci wajen koyan bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a shekara. A cikin Faransanci, ana furta lokutan yanayi kuma ana rubuta su kamar haka:
- Bazara: spring
- Bazara: Té
- Faɗuwa: fadi
- Winter: hunturu
Misalai a cikin mahallin:
- "J'adore l'été parce qu'il fait chaud." (Ina son bazara saboda yana da zafi.)
- "L'hiver est la meilleure saison zuba le ski." (Winter shine mafi kyawun lokacin don gudun kan kankara.)
Seasons kuma na maza ne, ma'ana duk wani sifa da ke siffanta su dole ne su yarda da wannan jinsi.
Yadda ake rubuta kwanan wata a Faransanci
A cikin Faransanci, ƙa'idodin rubuta kwanan wata sun yi kama da waɗanda ke cikin Mutanen Espanya, amma akwai wasu bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci:
- Le + rana (tare da lambobi) + wata: da 15 May 2023 (ranar Mayu 15, 2023).
- Tare da ranar mako: Litinin 15 May 2023 (Litinin, Mayu 15, 2023).
- Don ranar farko ga wata: Yi amfani da 'le Premier': farko janvier (Janairu 1).
Ka tuna cewa watanni da kwanaki a Faransanci ba su da girma, sai a farkon jumla.
Tare da wannan bayanin da ɗan ƙaramin aiki, za ku kasance fiye da shirye-shiryen sadarwa da kyau game da ranaku, kwanaki, da watanni cikin Faransanci. Ci gaba da aiki!